The electrolytic fluid carries away the metal hydroxide formed in the process. The gap between the tool and the workpiece varies within 80–800 micrometers (0.003–0.030 in.) As electrons cross the gap, material from the workpiece is dissolved, as the tool forms the desired shape in the workpiece. The feed rate is the same as the rate of "liquefication" of the material. The pressurized electrolyte is injected at a set temperature to the area being cut. In the ECM process, a cathode (tool) is advanced into an anode (workpiece). High metal removal rates are possible with ECM, with no thermal or mechanical stresses being transferred to the part, and mirror surface finishes can be achieved.
Unlike EDM, however, no sparks are created. The ECM cutting tool is guided along the desired path close to the work but without touching the piece. It is similar in concept to electrical discharge machining (EDM) in that a high current is passed between an electrode and the part, through an electrolytic material removal process having a negatively charged electrode ( cathode), a conductive fluid ( electrolyte), and a conductive workpiece ( anode) however, in ECM there is no tool wear. Both external and internal geometries can be machined.ĮCM is often characterized as "reverse electroplating", in that it removes material instead of adding it. ECM can cut small or odd-shaped angles, intricate contours or cavities in hard and exotic metals, such as titanium aluminides, Inconel, Waspaloy, and high nickel, cobalt, and rhenium alloys. Its use is limited to electrically conductive materials.
It is normally used for mass production and is used for working extremely hard materials or materials that are difficult to machine using conventional methods. Electrochemical machining ( ECM) is a method of removing metal by an electrochemical process.
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